Eye Disorders - Macular Degeneration

The center of the retina (the "20/20" part) is the macula. Age-related macular degeneration is a breakdown of important layers of this part of the retina. This results in decreased central vision and may progress to an absence of central vision.

Types of Macular Degeneration

• Dry degeneration is the most common. It typically progresses slowly.
• Wet degeneration includes leaking blood vessels that destroy the retina. Abrupt loss of vision is common.

Risk Factors

• Age (risk increases with age)
• Gender (more common in women)
• Family history—there are genetic factors
• Smoking—the more you smoke, and the longer you smoke, the greater your risk increases—up to five times more risk
• Obesity

Prevention

• If you smoke, STOP!
• Diet makes a difference. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) demonstrated the influence of diet on the severity of vision loss. Dietary supplements (Ocuvite, I-Caps, MaculaRx and others) have been developed to take advantage of that discovery.

Treatment

• Laser treatment of the retina has been the primary tool for many years. It is still used, but it has only a limited role.
• Photodynamic treatment is a newer form of "laser treatment."  It is often combined with injected medications.
• Anti-vegf injectible medication is the current standard. There are several varieties. Research and evaluation are continuing.
• Combination treatment, using more than one treatment form, is appropriate for many.

For more information visit:

• EyeSmart
• www.eyesight.org